24. Taxation
 
    Group  Company 
    2023 
R '000 
2022 
R '000 
2023 
R '000 
2022 
R '000 
Major components of the tax expense             
Current tax
Current year expense 
460,092  508,957  178  – 
Prior year over provision  (6,544) (5,468) –  – 
   453,548  503,489  178   
Deferred tax
Current year expense (credit)
145,788  40,808  6,210  (3,046)
Prior year under (over) provision  956  (282) –  – 
Tax rate change  –  (4,548) –  230 
   146,744  35,978  6,210  (2,816) 
   600,292  539,467  6,388  (2,816) 
Reconciliation of the tax expense             
Reconciliation between applicable tax rate and average effective tax rate.             
Applicable tax rate  27.00%  28.00%  27.00%  28.00% 
Income not related to taxpayer  –%  (0.01)%  –%  –% 
Permanent differences*  0.33%  0.28%  0.65%  0.71% 
Derecognition of deferred tax asset  0.26%  –%  0.77%  –% 
Prior year over provision  (0.24)%  (0.29)%  –%  –% 
Dividend income  (0.12)%  –%  (27.63)%  (28.91)% 
Tax loss utilised  –%  –%  –%  (0.17)% 
Tax rate change  –%  (0.24)%  –%  0.03% 
Non-taxable income**  (1.73)%  (0.07)%  –%  –% 
   25.50%  27.67%  0.79%  (0.34)% 
* Includes cash-settled share-based payments, legal fees, consulting fees, other costs incurred to produce non-taxable income and other permanent differences.
** Includes the once off gain on acquisition of joint operation.