21. Earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA)*
 
The following items have been taken into account in arriving at EBITDA:
   Group  Company 
R'000   2025  Restated*
2024 
 2025   2024 
Revenue  5 834 877  8 443 462  307 412  1 057 600 
Cost of goods sold  (1 759 113) (3 645 149) –  – 
Loss on exchange differences on other financial instruments   (23 628)  (42 521)  –   – 
(Loss) gain on exchange differences in cash and cash equivalents   (141 542)  71 842   –   – 
Auditors remuneration – external auditor  (5 120) (4 495) (1 276) (790)
Non audit service – external auditor  (619) (577) (386) (63)
Consulting and professional fees  (12 662) (14 023) (5 613) (8 239)
Selling expenses  (999 776) (1 048 366) –  – 
Commissions  (224 874) (335 557) –  – 
Net realisable value adjustment of inventory  (4 277) (79 293) –  – 
Marketing fees  (2 204) (2 255) –  – 
Corporate social investment  (8 933) (19 911) (3 840) (2 986)
Social labour plans  (12 026) (186) –  – 
Skills and enterprise development  (882) (4 150) (435) (1 678)
Unwinding of interest for rehabilitation provision  (19 008) (10 328) –  – 
Profit on sale of land and mineral rights  –  19 061  –  – 
Profit on sale of property, plant and equipment  406  644  –  – 
Short-term and low value leases  (889) (2 618) (116) (118)
Retrenchment costs  (197 766) (67 395) –  – 
Other expenses*  (989 445) (487 760) (10 922) (10 122)
Employee costs**  (899 472) (1 072 115) (6 848) (12 816)
   533 045  1 698 310  277 975  1 020 788 
* Restated. Refer to note 41.
** Includes remuneration relating to key management personnel (see note 34).